Online teaching and learning have been one of the emerging paradigm shifts in the teaching and learning process. It has developed as an alternative or to some extent supportive of the conventional education system. Assessment is an integral part of the teaching-learning process. Teaching learning cannot be considered complete in the absence of assessment. Assessing students’ learning has been a challenge in the conventional mode of teaching and learning so as with online mode also. The purpose of this review is to systematically identify the trends of online assessment strategies, challenges, effectiveness, and implications in teaching and learning. The content analysis method was employed to analyze and synthesize the findings of the data. Finally, the results regarding the study objectives are presented and discussed. The findings of the present review also throw light on the gaps in the literature as well as

provide insight into the use of online assessment in education.